各種流(liu)動式起重機的簡(jian)介：

1.汽車(che)起(qi)重(zhong)機

汽車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機(ji)：汽車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機(ji)英(ying)文名Truck Crane，國內用(yong)(yong)QY表示(shi)，如QY20/20t汽車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機(ji)（汽車(che)吊）。將起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機(ji)安裝在(zai)通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)或專用(yong)(yong)汽車(che)底(di)盤(pan)上底(di)盤(pan)性能等同(tong)于同(tong)樣整車(che)總(zong)重的(de)(de)載重汽車(che)，符(fu)合公路車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)技術要求，因而可在(zai)各類公路上通(tong)(tong)行無阻。此種起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機(ji)一般備有上、下車(che)兩個操縱室，作業時必(bi)需伸出支腿保(bao)持穩定。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重量的(de)(de)范圍很大(da)，可從(cong)8噸～1000噸，底(di)盤(pan)的(de)(de)車(che)軸數，可從(cong)2～10根。是(shi)產量最大(da)，使用(yong)(yong)最廣泛的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機(ji)類型。

2.輪胎起重機

輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機（輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）Rough Terrain Crane，國內沒有(you)(you)(you)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機（輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部分安裝(zhuang)在特(te)制的(de)(de)充氣輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)底(di)盤上的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機。上下車(che)合用一(yi)臺發動(dong)機，行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)速(su)度(du)(du)一(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過30KM/H，車(che)輛寬度(du)(du)也較寬，因此不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜在公路(lu)上長距(ju)離(li)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)。具有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用支腿吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)功能(neng)，適(shi)用于貨場(chang)、碼頭、工地(di)等(deng)移動(dong)距(ju)離(li)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)場(chang)所的(de)(de)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)業。由于不(bu)(bu)(bu)用支腿吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)經(jing)常出現一(yi)些事故，目(mu)前國內各大吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)廣(guang)東順(shun)發起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司已經(jing)逐漸的(de)(de)取消(xiao)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)功能(neng)。輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)特(te)點是(shi)：其行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)駕(jia)駛(shi)(shi)室與起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)操縱室合二為一(yi)、是(shi)由履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機（履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）演(yan)變而成(cheng)(cheng)，將行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)機構的(de)(de)履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)和行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)支架(jia)部分變成(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)(you)輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)底(di)盤，克服了履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機（履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)板對路(lu)面造成(cheng)(cheng)破壞的(de)(de)缺點，行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)速(su)度(du)(du)也較履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機（履(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）快；作(zuo)業穩定、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量大、可在特(te)定范圍內吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)、但(dan)必須保(bao)證道路(lu)平整堅實、輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)氣壓符合要(yao)求、吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)離(li)地(di)面不(bu)(bu)(bu)得超過50CM；禁止帶(dai)(dai)負(fu)荷長距(ju)離(li)行(xing)(xing)走(zou)(zou)。為保(bao)證作(zuo)業安全，目(mu)前國內基本上禁止不(bu)(bu)(bu)打支腿進行(xing)(xing)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)作(zuo)業。

3.越野輪胎(tai)起(qi)重機

是70年代(dai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)，其吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)功能與輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)(tai)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)相似，也可進行不用(yong)支(zhi)腿吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)(ji)吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行駛(shi)(shi)。所(suo)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)是底盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構形(xing)式及(ji)(ji)由(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)底盤(pan)結(jie)構所(suo)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)行駛(shi)(shi)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高。這種起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)均裝在底盤(pan)上(shang)，底盤(pan)有(you)兩根車(che)軸(zhou)及(ji)(ji)四個(ge)大直徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)越(yue)野花紋輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)(tai)。四個(ge)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)均為驅動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)及(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)向輪(lun)(lun)，當(dang)在泥(ni)濘不平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工地(di)上(shang)轉(zhuan)移(yi)工位時(shi)，四個(ge)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)都傳遞動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)，即(ji)四輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)，以提(ti)高通過泥(ni)濘地(di)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)不平(ping)(ping)路(lu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)。當(dang)在平(ping)(ping)坦路(lu)面(mian)(mian)以較快速(su)度行駛(shi)(shi)時(shi)，只用(yong)前(qian)軸(zhou)或后軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)，以減少能耗。在起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隨機(ji)文(wen)件中(zhong)，用(yong)4×4表示四輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)，4×2表示4個(ge)車(che)軸(zhou)中(zhong)有(you)兩個(ge)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)是驅動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)。該車(che)型適合狹小的(de)(de)(de)(de)場地(di)作業。可實現連續(xu)無級變速(su)，在路(lu)面(mian)(mian)阻力(li)(li)突變的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)也不會(hui)熄火，因(yin)而極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)便(bian)了(le)司機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作。可以所(suo)越(yue)野輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)(tai)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)是一種性(xing)能擴展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、強力(li)(li)而靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)(tai)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)。

4.全(quan)地(di)面式

也叫(jiao)全(quan)路面起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機，是一種(zhong)(zhong)兼(jian)有(you)(you)汽車起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機和(he)越野(ye)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機特點的(de)(de)高(gao)性能產品(pin)。它既能像(xiang)汽車起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機一樣快(kuai)速轉移、長距離行駛(shi)，又可(ke)滿足在狹小和(he)崎嶇不(bu)平或泥濘場地上(shang)作業(ye)的(de)(de)要求，即行駛(shi)速度(du)快(kuai)，多(duo)橋驅動，全(quan)輪(lun)轉向，三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)轉向方式(shi)，離地間隙大，爬坡能力高(gao)，可(ke)蟹形(xing)行走，是一種(zhong)(zhong)極(ji)有(you)(you)發展(zhan)前途(tu)的(de)(de)產品(pin)。但價格較高(gao)，對使(shi)用(yong)和(he)維護水(shui)平要求較高(gao)。

5.履帶起(qi)重機(ji)

履(lv)帶起(qi)重機（履(lv)帶吊(diao)(diao)）Crawler Crane，國(guo)內一(yi)般用QUY表示。但是(shi)三一(yi)的吊(diao)(diao)車為跟國(guo)際接軌，使用英文命名(ming)規則，其履(lv)帶吊(diao)(diao)代號為SCC（SANY Crawler Crane的英文頭字母）。履(lv)帶吊(diao)(diao)的主要特(te)點是(shi)：其行(xing)駛駕駛室與(yu)起(qi)重操縱室合二為一(yi)、接地面積大(da)(da)、對地面的平(ping)均壓力較(jiao)小、穩定性好、可(ke)在(zai)松(song)軟、泥濘地面作業；牽引系數高(gao)、爬坡度大(da)(da)、可(ke)在(zai)崎嶇不(bu)平(ping)的場地上(shang)行(xing)駛；但履(lv)帶吊(diao)(diao)行(xing)駛速度慢、而且行(xing)駛過程要損壞路(lu)面、因此轉(zhuan)場作業時需要通過平(ping)板拖車裝運、機動性差。

6.特種起重機

為(wei)(wei)完成某種特定任務而研制(zhi)的專(zhuan)用起(qi)重(zhong)機。例如(ru)：為(wei)(wei)機械化部(bu)隊實施(shi)戰術(shu)技(ji)術(shu)保障(zhang)用的、裝在越(yue)野汽車或裝甲車上的起(qi)重(zhong)輪(lun)救車；為(wei)(wei)處(chu)理(li)交通事(shi)故用的公路清障(zhang)車等(deng)，均(jun)屬此類。

起重機的工作(zuo)類型：指起重機工作(zuo)忙閑程(cheng)度(du)和載荷變化程(cheng)度(du)的參數。

工作(zuo)忙閑程度，對起重(zhong)機(ji)來說，就是(shi)指在一(yi)年總(zong)時(shi)間內(nei)，起重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)實際運轉時(shi)數(shu)與(yu)總(zong)時(shi)數(shu)之比(bi)；對機(ji)構(gou)來說，則是(shi)指一(yi)個(ge)機(ji)構(gou)在一(yi)年時(shi)間內(nei)運轉時(shi)數(shu)與(yu)總(zong)時(shi)數(shu)之比(bi)。在起重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)工作(zuo)循環中，機(ji)構(gou)運轉時(shi)間所占的(de)百(bai)分比(bi)，稱為(wei)該機(ji)構(gou)的(de)負載持續率(lv)，用JC表示。

載(zai)荷(he)(he)變(bian)化程度，按額定起(qi)(qi)重量(liang)設(she)計的起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)在實(shi)際作業中，起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)所(suo)起(qi)(qi)吊的載(zai)荷(he)(he)往(wang)往(wang)小于額定起(qi)(qi)重量(liang)。這(zhe)種(zhong)載(zai)荷(he)(he)的變(bian)化程度用起(qi)(qi)重量(liang)利用系(xi)數k表示。k=起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)在全年實(shi)際起(qi)(qi)重量(liang)的平均值/起(qi)(qi)重機(ji)的額定起(qi)(qi)重量(liang)。

根據起(qi)重機(ji)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作忙閑(xian)程(cheng)度(du)和載(zai)荷(he)變化程(cheng)度(du)，通常把起(qi)重機(ji)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作類型劃分為：輕級(ji)、中級(ji)、重級(ji)和特重級(ji)4種級(ji)別(bie)。

起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作類型(xing)和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)兩(liang)個不同的(de)(de)(de)概念，起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)大(da)，不一定是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)小，也不一定是(shi)輕(qing)級(ji)。如(ru)水電(dian)站用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)達(da)數(shu)百(bai)噸，但(dan)使用(yong)機(ji)會卻(que)很(hen)少，只有在安裝機(ji)組、修理機(ji)組時才使用(yong)，其(qi)余時間都停歇在那(nei)里，所以盡(jin)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)很(hen)大(da)，但(dan)還(huan)是(shi)屬(shu)于輕(qing)級(ji)。又(you)如(ru)車站貨場用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)，雖然(ran)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)不大(da)，但(dan)工(gong)作非常繁忙，屬(shu)于重(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)工(gong)作類型(xing)。

起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)與安全性能有著十(shi)分(fen)密(mi)切(qie)的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量、跨度(du)(du)、起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)高度(du)(du)相同(tong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)，如(ru)果工作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)不同(tong)，在設計(ji)制(zhi)造時，所采取的(de)(de)安全系(xi)(xi)數(shu)就不相同(tong)，也(ye)就是零部件型(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)、尺寸、規格(ge)各不相同(tong)。如(ru)鋼(gang)絲繩、制(zhi)動器由于工作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)不同(tong)，安全系(xi)(xi)數(shu)不同(tong)（輕(qing)級(ji)安全系(xi)(xi)數(shu)小、重(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)安全系(xi)(xi)數(shu)大），所選出的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)就不相同(tong)。再如(ru)同(tong)是10t的(de)(de)橋(qiao)式起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)，對于中級(ji)工作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)（JC=25%）的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)電動機(ji)功(gong)率為N=16KW，而對于重(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)工作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)（JC=40%）起(qi)(qi)升(sheng)電動機(ji)功(gong)率則為N=23.5KW。

從(cong)以(yi)上(shang)情況可知，如(ru)果把輕級工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)類型(xing)的起(qi)重機用在重級工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)類型(xing)的場所，起(qi)重機就會(hui)經(jing)常出故障，影響安全生產。所以(yi)在安全檢查時，要注意起(qi)重機的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)類型(xing)必須與工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)條件相(xiang)符(fu)合。

起重機(ji)特(te)性曲線:由起重機(ji)結構的承載能(neng)力、臂架的起重能(neng)力和(he)整機(ji)抗傾覆穩定性三條曲線的包絡線。

7.纜索(suo)式

纜索式主要指(zhi)升(sheng)降式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)俗稱升(sheng)降機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，特(te)點是重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物或取物裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置只能(neng)沿導軌升(sheng)降。升(sheng)降機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)雖只有(you)一(yi)個升(sheng)降機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)，但在升(sheng)降機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中，還有(you)許多其(qi)他附屬裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，所以(yi)單獨構(gou)成一(yi)類(lei)，它(ta)包(bao)括：電梯、貨梯、升(sheng)船(chuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)。除此以(yi)外，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還有(you)多種(zhong)分(fen)類(lei)方法。例如，按(an)取物裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置和用途分(fen)類(lei)，有(you)吊鉤起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、抓斗(dou)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電磁(ci)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、冶金(jin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、堆垛起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、集裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和援救(jiu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)；按(an)運(yun)移方式分(fen)類(lei)，有(you)固定式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、運(yun)行式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、自(zi)行式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、拖(tuo)引式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、爬升(sheng)式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、便攜式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、隨車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)；按(an)驅動方式分(fen)類(lei)，有(you)支(zhi)承起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、懸掛起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)；按(an)使用場(chang)合分(fen)類(lei)，有(you)車(che)間起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器房起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、倉(cang)庫起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯料場(chang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、建筑起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、工程起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、港口起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、船(chuan)廠(chang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、壩頂起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、船(chuan)上起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)。