各種(zhong)流動式(shi)起重機(ji)的簡介：

1.汽(qi)車起重機

汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)：汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)英文(wen)名Truck Crane，國內用(yong)(yong)QY表(biao)示，如QY20/20t汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)（汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)吊）。將起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)安裝在(zai)通用(yong)(yong)或(huo)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)底(di)盤上(shang)底(di)盤性能等同于同樣(yang)整車(che)(che)(che)(che)總(zong)重(zhong)的(de)載(zai)重(zhong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)，符合公路車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)技術要求(qiu)，因而(er)可在(zai)各類(lei)公路上(shang)通行無阻。此種起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)一(yi)般備有上(shang)、下車(che)(che)(che)(che)兩(liang)個(ge)操縱室，作業(ye)時必需(xu)伸出支腿保持穩定。起(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)的(de)范(fan)圍很大，可從(cong)8噸(dun)～1000噸(dun)，底(di)盤的(de)車(che)(che)(che)(che)軸數，可從(cong)2～10根。是產(chan)量(liang)最大，使用(yong)(yong)最廣泛的(de)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)類(lei)型。

2.輪胎起重機

輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)（輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）Rough Terrain Crane，國內(nei)(nei)沒(mei)有輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)（輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）。起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)分安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在特(te)(te)制的(de)(de)充氣輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)底盤(pan)上(shang)的(de)(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)。上(shang)下(xia)車合用一(yi)臺發(fa)動機(ji)，行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)速度一(yi)般不(bu)超過30KM/H，車輛寬度也(ye)(ye)較寬，因此不(bu)宜在公路(lu)(lu)上(shang)長(chang)距(ju)離(li)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)。具(ju)有不(bu)用支(zhi)腿吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，適用于貨場、碼頭、工地等(deng)移動距(ju)離(li)有限(xian)的(de)(de)場所的(de)(de)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)業。由于不(bu)用支(zhi)腿吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)常出現一(yi)些事故，目前(qian)國內(nei)(nei)各大(da)(da)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廣東順發(fa)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備有限(xian)公司已經(jing)逐漸(jian)的(de)(de)取消吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)能(neng)。輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)主要特(te)(te)點是(shi)：其行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)駕駛(shi)(shi)(shi)室(shi)與起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)操縱(zong)室(shi)合二為一(yi)、是(shi)由履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)（履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）演(yan)變而(er)成，將行(xing)走(zou)機(ji)構的(de)(de)履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶和行(xing)走(zou)支(zhi)架部(bu)分變成有輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)底盤(pan)，克(ke)服了履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)（履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶板對路(lu)(lu)面造成破壞(huai)的(de)(de)缺點，行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)速度也(ye)(ye)較履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)（履(lv)(lv)(lv)帶吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)）快(kuai)；作(zuo)業穩定、起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)大(da)(da)、可在特(te)(te)定范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行(xing)走(zou)、但必須保證道(dao)路(lu)(lu)平整(zheng)堅實、輪(lun)胎(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)氣壓符合要求、吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)離(li)地面不(bu)得超過50CM；禁止(zhi)帶負荷長(chang)距(ju)離(li)行(xing)走(zou)。為保證作(zuo)業安全(quan)，目前(qian)國內(nei)(nei)基本上(shang)禁止(zhi)不(bu)打支(zhi)腿進行(xing)吊(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)作(zuo)業。

3.越野輪胎(tai)起重機

是70年代發展(zhan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)，其(qi)吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)功能(neng)與輪(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)相似，也(ye)可(ke)進行不(bu)用支腿吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)(ji)(ji)吊重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)行駛(shi)。所不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)是底盤的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)形(xing)式及(ji)(ji)(ji)由獨特(te)的(de)(de)底盤結(jie)構(gou)所帶來(lai)的(de)(de)行駛(shi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)發動機(ji)(ji)均裝在底盤上，底盤有(you)兩(liang)根車(che)(che)軸及(ji)(ji)(ji)四個(ge)大直徑(jing)的(de)(de)越野(ye)花紋輪(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)。四個(ge)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)均為驅(qu)(qu)動輪(lun)(lun)(lun)及(ji)(ji)(ji)轉向(xiang)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，當(dang)在泥濘不(bu)平的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)地(di)上轉移(yi)工(gong)(gong)位時，四個(ge)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)都傳遞動力，即四輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動，以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高通過泥濘地(di)面(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)平路面(mian)的(de)(de)能(neng)力。當(dang)在平坦路面(mian)以(yi)較快速度(du)行駛(shi)時，只用前軸或后軸的(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動，以(yi)減少能(neng)耗。在起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)隨機(ji)(ji)文件中(zhong)，用4×4表(biao)示四輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動，4×2表(biao)示4個(ge)車(che)(che)軸中(zhong)有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)是驅(qu)(qu)動輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。該車(che)(che)型適(shi)合狹小的(de)(de)場地(di)作業。可(ke)實現連續無級變速，在路面(mian)阻(zu)力突(tu)變的(de)(de)情(qing)況下發動機(ji)(ji)也(ye)不(bu)會熄火，因而極大的(de)(de)方便了司機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)操作。可(ke)以(yi)所越野(ye)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)是一種(zhong)性能(neng)擴展(zhan)了的(de)(de)、強力而靈活的(de)(de)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。

4.全(quan)地(di)面式

也叫全路面起重機(ji)，是(shi)一種(zhong)兼有汽車(che)起重機(ji)和(he)(he)越野(ye)起重機(ji)特點(dian)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)性(xing)能產品。它既(ji)能像汽車(che)起重機(ji)一樣快速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移、長距離行駛(shi)(shi)，又(you)可(ke)滿足(zu)在狹小和(he)(he)崎(qi)嶇不平(ping)或泥濘場地上(shang)作業的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，即(ji)行駛(shi)(shi)速度快，多橋驅動，全輪轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向，三(san)種(zhong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向方(fang)式(shi)，離地間隙大，爬坡能力高(gao)(gao)，可(ke)蟹形行走，是(shi)一種(zhong)極有發展前途的(de)(de)產品。但價格較高(gao)(gao)，對使用和(he)(he)維護水平(ping)要求(qiu)較高(gao)(gao)。

5.履(lv)帶起重機

履帶起(qi)重(zhong)機（履帶吊）Crawler Crane，國內一般用QUY表示。但(dan)是三(san)一的(de)吊車為(wei)跟國際接軌，使用英文命名規則(ze)，其履帶吊代(dai)號為(wei)SCC（SANY Crawler Crane的(de)英文頭字母）。履帶吊的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)特點(dian)是：其行(xing)駛(shi)駕(jia)駛(shi)室(shi)與起(qi)重(zhong)操縱室(shi)合二(er)為(wei)一、接地面(mian)積大、對地面(mian)的(de)平均(jun)壓力(li)較小、穩定性好(hao)、可在松軟(ruan)、泥濘地面(mian)作業；牽(qian)引系數高(gao)、爬坡度(du)大、可在崎嶇不平的(de)場地上(shang)行(xing)駛(shi)；但(dan)履帶吊行(xing)駛(shi)速度(du)慢、而且行(xing)駛(shi)過(guo)程要(yao)(yao)損壞路面(mian)、因此轉場作業時需要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)平板拖車裝運、機動性差。

6.特(te)種(zhong)起重機

為完成某(mou)種特(te)定(ding)任務而研(yan)制(zhi)的專用起(qi)重(zhong)機。例如：為機械化部隊實施戰術技(ji)術保障用的、裝在越野汽車(che)或裝甲(jia)車(che)上的起(qi)重(zhong)輪救車(che)；為處理(li)交通(tong)事故(gu)用的公路清障車(che)等，均屬(shu)此(ci)類。

起(qi)重機的(de)工(gong)作類型(xing)：指起(qi)重機工(gong)作忙閑程(cheng)度(du)和載荷變(bian)化程(cheng)度(du)的(de)參數。

工作(zuo)忙閑程度，對(dui)起(qi)重機(ji)來(lai)說，就(jiu)是指在(zai)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)總時間內，起(qi)重機(ji)的(de)(de)實際運轉(zhuan)時數(shu)(shu)與總時數(shu)(shu)之比(bi)；對(dui)機(ji)構(gou)來(lai)說，則是指一(yi)(yi)個機(ji)構(gou)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)時間內運轉(zhuan)時數(shu)(shu)與總時數(shu)(shu)之比(bi)。在(zai)起(qi)重機(ji)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個工作(zuo)循環(huan)中，機(ji)構(gou)運轉(zhuan)時間所占(zhan)的(de)(de)百分比(bi)，稱為該機(ji)構(gou)的(de)(de)負(fu)載持續率，用JC表示。

載荷變(bian)(bian)化程度，按額定起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)設計(ji)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)在實(shi)際作業(ye)中(zhong)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)所(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吊的(de)載荷往往小于額定起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)。這(zhe)種載荷的(de)變(bian)(bian)化程度用(yong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)利用(yong)系數k表示。k=起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)在全年(nian)實(shi)際起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)的(de)平均值(zhi)/起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)額定起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)量(liang)。

根據(ju)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)的工作忙閑程(cheng)度和載荷變化程(cheng)度，通常把起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)的工作類型劃分為：輕級(ji)(ji)、中級(ji)(ji)、重(zhong)級(ji)(ji)和特重(zhong)級(ji)(ji)4種級(ji)(ji)別。

起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)類型(xing)和起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量是(shi)(shi)兩個不同的概念，起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量大(da)，不一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)級，起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量小(xiao)，也不一(yi)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)輕級。如水(shui)電站(zhan)用(yong)的起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量達(da)數百噸，但使(shi)用(yong)機(ji)會卻(que)很少，只有在(zai)安裝機(ji)組、修(xiu)理機(ji)組時才使(shi)用(yong)，其(qi)余時間都停歇在(zai)那里，所(suo)以盡管起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量很大(da)，但還是(shi)(shi)屬于輕級。又如車(che)站(zhan)貨場用(yong)的起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)，雖然(ran)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)量不大(da)，但工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)非常繁忙，屬于重(zhong)(zhong)級工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)類型(xing)。

起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)的工作類(lei)(lei)型與安(an)全(quan)(quan)性能有著十分密切的關系(xi)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)量、跨(kua)度(du)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)高度(du)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)，如果工作類(lei)(lei)型不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，在(zai)設計制(zhi)造(zao)時，所采(cai)取的安(an)全(quan)(quan)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)就不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，也就是零部(bu)件(jian)型號、尺寸、規(gui)格各不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。如鋼絲繩(sheng)、制(zhi)動器由(you)于工作類(lei)(lei)型不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，安(an)全(quan)(quan)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)（輕級(ji)安(an)全(quan)(quan)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)小、重(zhong)級(ji)安(an)全(quan)(quan)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)大），所選出的型號就不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)(tong)。再如同(tong)(tong)是10t的橋式起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)，對于中級(ji)工作類(lei)(lei)型（JC=25%）的起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)電(dian)動機(ji)功率(lv)為N=16KW，而對于重(zhong)級(ji)工作類(lei)(lei)型（JC=40%）起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)電(dian)動機(ji)功率(lv)則(ze)為N=23.5KW。

從以上情(qing)況可知，如(ru)果把輕級工(gong)作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)起重(zhong)機(ji)用在重(zhong)級工(gong)作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)場所(suo)，起重(zhong)機(ji)就(jiu)會經(jing)常出故障，影響安(an)全生產。所(suo)以在安(an)全檢(jian)查時，要注意起重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)必須(xu)與工(gong)作(zuo)條件相符合(he)。

起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)特性(xing)曲線:由(you)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)結構的承載能(neng)力、臂(bei)架的起(qi)重(zhong)能(neng)力和(he)整機(ji)抗傾覆穩定性(xing)三條曲線的包絡線。

7.纜索(suo)式

纜(lan)索式主要(yao)指(zhi)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)俗稱升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，特點是重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物或取(qu)物裝置(zhi)只能沿導軌升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)。升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)雖(sui)只有(you)一個(ge)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構，但在升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)中，還有(you)許(xu)多其他(ta)附屬裝置(zhi)，所以單獨構成(cheng)一類(lei)(lei)，它包括(kuo)：電(dian)梯、貨梯、升(sheng)船(chuan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。除(chu)此以外，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)還有(you)多種(zhong)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)方法。例如，按(an)(an)取(qu)物裝置(zhi)和用途分(fen)類(lei)(lei)，有(you)吊鉤(gou)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、抓斗起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)磁起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、冶金(jin)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、堆垛起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、集裝箱(xiang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和援救起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等；按(an)(an)運移方式分(fen)類(lei)(lei)，有(you)固(gu)定式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、運行式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、自行式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、拖引(yin)式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、爬升(sheng)式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、便攜式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、隨(sui)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等；按(an)(an)驅(qu)動方式分(fen)類(lei)(lei)，有(you)支承起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、懸掛起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等；按(an)(an)使用場合(he)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)，有(you)車(che)間起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)器房(fang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、倉庫起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯料場起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、建筑起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、工程起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、港口起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、船(chuan)廠(chang)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、壩(ba)頂起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、船(chuan)上起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等。